The sixth chapter of Sharirasthana of Sushruta Samhita is called as Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa Shariram Adhyaya. This chapter offers with Description of deadly spots.

अथातःप्रत्येकमर्मनिर्देशंशारीरंव्याख्याख्यामः॥१॥
यथोवाचभगवान्धन्वन्तरिः॥२॥

We’ll now expound the chapter by title Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa Sārīra — description of every deadly spot individually as revealed by the venerable Dhañvañtari.

Marma sañkhyā and bheda – quantity and sorts of deadly spots 

सप्तोत्तरंमर्मशतम्।तानिमर्माणिपञ्चात्मकानिभवन्तितद्यथा – मांसमर्माणि,स्नायुमर्माणि, अस्थिमर्माणिसन्धिमर्माणिचेति। नखलुमांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिव्यतिरेकेणान्यानिमर्माणिभवन्ति, यस्मानोपलभ्यन्ते॥३॥ 

Marmas are the very important or deadly spots / areas within the physique. They’re 100 and 7 in quantity. These are categorized into 5 classes. They’re –

Title of the Marma primarily based on its composition	Situated in or made up of / composed of
Mamsa Marma	Muscular tissues
Sira Marma	Veins
Snayu Marma	Ligaments
Asthi Marma	Bones
Sandhi Marma	Bony joints

Other than the talked about sorts of marmas i.e. very important spots composed of muscle groups, veins, ligaments, bones and joints talked about above, there aren’t any different kinds of marmas, since no different totally different sort of deadly spots apart from these are discovered.

Classification of Marma primarily based on content material (make up) of marma

तत्रैकादशमांसमर्माणि, एकचत्वारिंशत्‌सिरामर्माणि,सप्तविंशतिः स्नायुमर्माणी,  अष्टावस्थिमर्माणि, विंशतिःसन्धिमर्माणिचेतितदेतत्‌सप्तोत्तरंमर्मशतम् ॥४॥

Title / Class of Marma	Quantity
Mamsa Marma	11
Sira Marma	41
Snayu Marma	27
Asthi Marma	08
Sandhi Marma	20
Complete Marmas	107

Thus, there are all collectively, 100 and 7 Marmas.

Marma Vyahana – distribution of deadly spots within the physique

तेषामेकादशैकस्मिन्‌सक्थ्निभवन्ति, एतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ, उदरोरसोर्द्वादश, चतुर्दशपृष्ठे, ग्रीवांप्रत्यूर्ध्वंसप्तत्रिंशत् ॥५॥

Under talked about is the distribution of those 107 Marmas in several elements of the physique –

Location of Marmas within the physique	Quantity
Limbs – 11 in every limb	11×4 = 44 Marmas
Stomach and Chest collectively	12 Marmas
Again	14 Marmas
Neck and head	37 Marmas
Complete No of Marmas	107 Marmas

Marma Nama – names of deadly spots: –

तत्रसक्थिमर्माणि क्षिप्रतलहृदयकुर्चकूर्चशिरोगुल्फेन्द्रबस्तिजान्वाण्युर्विलोहिताक्षाणि विटपंचेति,एतेनेतरत्सक्थिव्याख्यातम् ।उदरोरसोस्तुगुदबस्तिनाभिहृदयस्तनमूलस्तनरोहितापलापान्यापस्तम्भौचेति। पृष्ठमर्माणितु कटीकतरुणकुकुन्दरनितम्बपार्श्वसन्धिबृहत्यंसफलकान्यंसौ चेति। बाहुमर्माणितु क्षिप्रतलहृदयकूर्चकूर्चशिरोमणिबन्धेन्द्रबस्तिकूर्पराण्युर्वीलोहिताक्षाणि कक्षधरंचेति; एतेनेतरोबाहुर्व्याख्यातः। जत्रुण‌ऊर्ध्वं चतस्त्रोधमन्योऽष्टौ मातृका द्वे कृकाटिके द्वे फणे द्वावपाङ्गौ द्वावुत्क्षेपौ  द्वौ शङ्खावेकास्थपनीपञ्चसीमन्ताश्चत्वारिशूङ्गाटकान्येकोऽधिपतिरिति ॥६॥

Sakti marma-Under talked about are the names of the Marmas of Sakthi i.e. one leg / decrease limb –

–       Kshipra

–       Talahrdaya

–       Kurca

–       Kurcasira

–       Gulpha

–       Indrabasti

–       Janu

–       Ani

–       Urvi

–       Lohitaksha and

–       Vitapa

The identical are the names of Marmas of the opposite decrease limb additionally. The variety of Marmas are additionally the identical – 11 in quantity.

Udara-uras Marma–Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the stomach and chest –

–       Guda

–       Basti

–       Nabhi

–       Hrdaya

–       Stanamula

–       Stanarohita

–       Apalapa and

–       Apastambha

Prstha marma – Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the again – every 2 in quantity –

–       Katikataruna

–       Kukundara

–       Nitamba

–       Parsvasandhi

–       Brhati

–       Amsaphalaka

–       Amsa

Bahu marma :- Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current within the arm –

–       Kshipra

–       Talahrdaya

–       Kurcha

–       Kurchasira

–       Manibandha

–       Indrabasti

–       Kurpara

–       Ani

–       Urvi

–       Lohitaksha

–       Kaksadhara

The identical are the names of Marmas of the opposite higher limb additionally. The variety of Marmas are additionally the identical – 11 in quantity.

Jatrūrdhva Marma— Under talked about are the names of the Marmas current above the extent of shoulders i.e. within the head and neck –

–       Dhamanis – 4

–       Matrka – 8

–       Krkatika – 2

–       Vidhura – 2

–       Phana – 2

–       Apanga – 2

–       Avarta – 2

–       Utkshepa – 2

–       Shanka – 2

–       Sthapani – 1

–       Simanta – 5

–       Srngataka – 4

–       Adhipati – 1

Names of Mamsa and so on Marmas

तलहृदयेन्द्रबस्तिगुदस्तनरोहितानिमांसमर्माणि,नीलधमनीमातृकाशृङ्गाटकापाङ्गस्थपनीफणस्तनमूलापलापापस्तम्भहृदयनाभिपार्श्वसन्धिबृहतीलोहिताक्षोर्व्यःमर्माणि,आणीविटपकक्षधरकूर्चकूर्चशिरोबस्तिक्षिप्रांसविधुरोत्क्षेपा :स्नायुमर्माणि,कटीकतरुण सिरानितम्बांसफलकशङ्खास्त्वस्थिमर्माणि,जानुकूर्परसीमन्ताधिपतिगुल्फमणिबन्धकुकुन्दरावर्तकृकाटिकाश्चेतिसन्धिमर्माणि॥७॥ 

Mamsa Marma – Under talked about are the Mamsa Marmas –

–       Talahrdaya,

–       Indrabasti,

–       Guda,

–       Stanarohita

Sira Marma – Under talked about are the Sira Marmas –

–       Nīladhamanī,

–       Mātrka,

–       Srñgāțaka,

–       Apāñga,

–       Sthapanī,

–       Phaņā,

–       Stanamūla,

–       Apasthambha,

–       Hrdaya,

–       Nabhi,

–       Parsvasandhi,

–       Brhati,

–       Lohitaksa and

–       Urvi 

Snayu Marma – Under talked about are the Snayu Marmas –

–       Ani,

–       Vitapa,

–       Kaksadhara,

–       Kurca,

–       Kurcasira,

–       Basti,

–       Ksipra,

–       Amsa,

–       Vidhura and

–       Utksepa

Asthi Marma – Under talked about are the Asthi Marmas –

–       Katīkataruna,

–       Nitamba,

–       Amsaphalaka and

–       Sankhā

Sandhi Marma – Under talked about are the Sandhi Marmas –

–       Janu,

–       Kurpara,

–       Simanta,

–       Adhipati,

–       Gulpha,

–       Manibandha,

–       Kukundara,

–       Avarta and

–       Krkatika

Classification of Marmas, effect-wise

तान्येतानिपञ्चविकल्पानिभवन्तितद्यथा – सद्यःप्राणहराणि,कालान्तरप्राण हराणि,विशल्यघ्नानि,वैकल्यकराणि,रुजाकराणिचेति।तत्रसद्य :प्राणहराण्येकोनविंशतिः,कालान्तरप्राणहराणित्रयस्त्रिंशत्,त्रीणिविशल्यनानि,चतुश्चत्वारिंशद्वैकल्यकराणि,अष्टौ रुजाकराणीति॥८॥ 

Based mostly on the impact they trigger once they get injured, Marmas are once more of 5 varieties. They’re –

Class / Title of the Marmas	Impact of harm	Quantity
Sadyah prānahara marmas	trigger loss of life shortly once they get injured	19
Kalantara prānahara marmas	trigger loss of life step by step, after a while, once they get injured,	30
Visalyaghna marmas	trigger loss of life when the overseas physique embedded in them is eliminated,	03
Vaikalyakara marmas	trigger deformity once they get injured	44
Rujākara marmas	trigger extreme ache once they get injured	08

Names of Sadhyo pranahara and so on Marmas

भवन्तिचात्र
शृङ्गाटकान्यधिपतिःशङ्खौकण्ठसिरागुदम्॥
हृदयंबस्तिनाभ्यौचघ्नन्तिसद्योहतानितु॥९॥
वक्षोमर्माणिसीमन्ततलक्षिप्रेन्द्रबस्तयः॥
कटीकतरुणेसन्धीपार्श्वजौबृहतीचया॥१०॥
नितम्बावितिचैतानिकालान्तरहराणितु॥
उत्क्षेपौस्थपनीचैवविशल्यघ्नानिनिर्दिशेत्॥११॥
लोहिताक्षाणिजानूर्वीकूर्चविटपकूर्पराः॥
कुकुन्दरेकक्षधरेविधुरेसकृकाटिके॥१२॥
अंसांसफलकापाङ्गानीलेमन्येफणौतथा॥
वैकल्यकरणान्याहुरावर्तीद्वौतथैवच॥१३॥
गुल्फोद्वौमणिबन्धौद्वौद्वेद्वेकूर्चशिरांसिच।
रुजाकराणिजानीयादष्टावेतानिबुद्धिमान्॥
क्षिप्राणिविद्धमात्राणिघ्नन्तिकालान्तरेणच॥ ॥१४॥

Some verses right here 

Sadhya Pranahara Marmas –

Quantity – 19

Impact of harm – they kill the particular person shortly once they get injured.

Title of Sadhya / Sadyo Pranahara Marma	Quantity
Srngataka	4
Adhipati	1
Sankha	2
Kanthasira / Matrika	8
Guda	1
Hrdaya	1
Basti / Vasti	1
Nabhi	1
Complete	19

Kalantara Pranahara Marmas –

Quantity – 33

Impact of harm – they kill the particular person step by step, after a while, once they get injured.

Title of Kalantara Pranahara Marma	Quantity
Vaksa Marma – very important / deadly spots within the chest Stanamula – 2 Stanarohita – 2 Apalapa – 2 Apastambha – 2	08
Simanta	05
Tala (Talahrdaya) Hasta – in hand – 2 Sakti – in leg / foot – 2	04
Kshipra In Hasta – 2 In Sakti – 2	04
Indrabasti In Hasta – 2 In sakti – 2	04
Katikataruna	02
Parsva Sandhi	02
Brhati	02
Nitamba	02
Complete	33

Vishalyaghna Marmas –

Quantity – 03

Impact of harm – they kill the particular person when the salya – overseas physique embedded in them is eliminated.

Title of Visalyaghna Marma	Quantity
Utkshepa	02
Sthapani	01
Complete	03

Vaikalyakara Marmas –

Quantity – 44

Impact of harm – they are going to trigger deformity once they get injured.

Title of Vaikalyakara Marma	Quantity
Lohitaksa	04
Ani	04
Janu	02
Urvi	04
Kurca	04
Vitapa	02
Kurpara	02
Kukundara	02
Kaksadhara	02
Vidhura	02
Krkatika	02
Amsa	02
Amsaphalaka	02
Apanga	02
Nila	02
Manya	02
Phana	02
Avarta	02
Complete	44

Rujakara Marmas –

Quantity – 308

Impact of harm – these marmas would produce extreme ache once they get injured.

Title of the Rujakara Marma	Quantity
Gulpha	02
Manibandha	02
Kurcasira	04
Complete	08

Kșipra marma causes loss of life both shortly or after a while, when injured / punctured.

Marma – Prāņa sthāna – seats of life 

मर्माणिमांससिरास्नाय्वस्थिसन्धिसन्निपाताःतेषुस्वभावत‌एवविशेषेणप्राणास्तिष्ठन्तितस्मान्मर्मस्वभिहतास्तांस्तान्भावानापद्यन्ते॥१५॥ 

Marmas are confluence of the under talked about buildings (which additionally make up the marmas) –

–       Mamsa – muscle groups

–       Sira – veins

–       Snayu – ligaments

–       Asthi – bones and

–       Sandhi – joints

Prana – the life entity or life vitality is alleged to reside in such confluence of those buildings by nature. Subsequently, when these marmas are injured, they produce their respective results (enumerated above).

Marma svabhāva – nature of deadly spots 

तत्रसद्य : प्राणहराण्याग्नेयानि, अग्निगुणेष्वाशुक्षीणेषुक्षपयन्तिकालान्तरप्राणहराणिसौम्याग्नेयानि, अग्निगुणेष्वाशुक्षीणेषुक्रमेणचसोमगुणेषुकालान्तरेणक्षपयन्तिविशल्यप्राणहराणिवायव्यानि, शल्यमुखावरुद्धोयावदन्तर्वायुस्तिष्ठतितावज्जीवति, उद्धृतमात्रेतुशल्येमर्मस्थानाश्रितोवायुर्निष्क्रामति, तस्मात्सशल्योजीवत्युद्धतशल्योम्रियते (पाका.त्पतितशल्योवाजीवति) वैकल्यकराणिसौम्यानि,सोमोहिस्थिरत्वाच्छैत्याच्चप्राणावलम्बनं करोतिरुजाकराण्यग्निवायुगुणभूयिष्ठानि, विशेषतश्चतौरुजाकरौपाञ्चभौतिकीचरुजामाहुरेके॥१६॥ 

Sadyah prāṇahara marma– These marmas are agneya in nature i.e. they’re predominant in fiery qualities. Because of this fiery nature solely, these marmas kill the debilitated individuals shortly.

Kālāñtara prāņahara marma – These marmas are Saumya-agneya in nature. They’re predominant with qualities of each water and fireplace. Because of the agneya or fiery nature – scorching high quality, these marmas kill the debilitated individuals in fast time. Additionally, attributable to their watery nature – chilly qualities, they kill different individuals step by step, after a while.

Višalya prāņahara marma – These marmas are Vayavya in nature i.e. they’re predominant with qualities of air. When the salya – overseas physique like arrow enters the physique of the particular person at these marmas, they block the air inside these areas and stop it from escaping out. The particular person survives so long as the air stays inside, obstructed from popping out by the overseas physique. However as quickly because the overseas physique is eliminated by pulling it out, the air which had been blocked by it within the very important spot will get launched and comes out and that is when the particular person dies. So, the particular person survives when the overseas physique is current inside and dies when it’s pulled out. (the particular person survives if the salya comes out because of suppuration at that marma).

Vaikalyakara marma – These marmas are Saumya in nature i.e. they’re predominant in qualities of water or moon. These marmas will trigger deformities when injured however attributable to their stability and chilly nature, the moon / water would assist in sustenance of life.

Rujākara marma – These marmas are agneya and vayavya in nature i.e. they’ve predominance of each fireplace and air parts. Each these have capability of manufacturing ache and therefore when injured, these marmas trigger extreme ache. In accordance with some authorities, ache is Panchabhautika i.e. attributable to all of the 5 bhutas – parts collectively.

Anya mata – totally different opinion 

केचिदाहुर्मासादीनांपञ्चानामपिसमस्तानांविवृद्धानांसमवायात्सद्य :प्राणहराणि,एकहीनानामल्यानांवाकालान्तरप्राणहराणि,द्विहीनानांविशल्यप्राणहराणि,त्रिहीनानां वैकल्यकराणि,एकस्मिन्नेवरुजाकराणीति।नैवं,यतोऽस्थिमर्मस्वप्यभिहतेषुशोणितागमनं भवति॥१७॥ 

Under talked about are the opinions of some students / consultants

–       Sadyah Pranahara Marmas – In these marmas, there may be presence of all of the 5 parts i.e. mamsa, sira, snayu, asthi and sandhi in nice proportions and they’re intimately blended collectively.

–       Kalantara Pranahara Marmas – In these marmas, solely 4 of the 5 parts shall be current with deficit of any one among them or they are going to be current in much less amount.

–       Visalyaghna Marmas – In these marmas any two parts is not going to be current and they are going to be made up of solely three parts.

–       Vaikalyakara Marmas – In these marmas, solely two parts out of 5 shall be current, with the absence of three parts.

–       Rujakara Marmas – These marmas are made up of anyone among the many 5 parts and the opposite 4 parts shall be absent.

This view isn’t appropriate since we see that there’s bleeding even when the asthi marma is injured.

Marma mahatva – significance of deadly spots 

चतुर्विधायास्तुसिराःशरीरे
प्रायेणतामर्मसुसन्निविष्टाः॥
स्नाय्वस्थिमांसानितथैवसन्धीन्
सन्तर्प्यदेहंप्रतियापयन्ति॥१८॥
ततःक्षतेमर्मणिताःप्रवृद्धः
समन्ततोवायुरभिस्तृणोति॥
विवर्धमानस्तुसमातरिश्वा
रुजःसुतीब्राःप्रतनोतिकाये॥१९॥
रुजाभिभूतंतुततःशरीरं
प्रलीयतेनश्यतिचास्यसंज्ञा॥
अतोहिशल्यंविनिहर्तुमिच्छ
न्मर्माणियत्नेनपरीक्ष्यकषेत्॥२०॥

All of the 4 sorts of siras current in our physique are typically discovered to be located within the marmas. These siras maintain and preserve the physique by nourishing the opposite 4 parts i.e. snayu, asthi, mamsa and sandhi.

That is the explanation the vata which will get aggravated when these marmas are injured would invade and trigger abnormalities within the siras and thus produce extreme ache within the physique.

The particular person thus affected by extreme ache attributable to vata would vastly endure and also will lose his consciousness.

Subsequently, a doctor / surgeon who’s planning to tug out the overseas physique from their level of affect within the physique ought to fastidiously study the marmas current in its neighborhood. He ought to first perceive its nature and solely after that he ought to pull out the salya – overseas physique.

एतेनशेषंव्याख्यातम्।।२१।।

By describing the actions of vata above, the writer has additionally defined the actions of the remaining doshas additionally.

Viddha sthāna phala – late impact of harm 

तत्रसद्यःप्राणहरमन्तेविद्धंकालान्तरेणमारयति,कालान्तरप्राणहरमन्तेविद्धंवैकल्यमापादयति,विशल्यघ्नंवैकल्यकरंचभवति,वैकल्यकरंकालान्तरेणक्लेशयतिरुजांचकरोति,रुजाकरमतीव्रवेदनंभवति॥२२॥ 

Pariņāma kāla – time of results 

तत्रसद्य : प्राणहराणिसप्तरात्राभ्यन्तरान्मारयन्ति,कालान्तरप्राणहराणिपक्षान्मासाद्व, तेष्वपितुक्षिप्राणिकदाचिदाशुमारयन्ति,विशल्यप्राणहराणिवैकल्यकराणिचकदाचिदत्यभिहतानिमारयन्ति।।२३।। 

Title of the Class of Marma	Impact when injured by way of time taken
Sadyo Pranahara Marmas	Kills the particular person inside seven days
Kalantara Pranahara Marmas	Kills the particular person inside fortnight or a month time Even amongst these marmas, loss of life will typically be induced in fast time when the Ksipra Marma is injured
Visalyaghna Marma and Vaikalyakara Marma	Generally trigger loss of life when they’re vastly injured

Web site and names of deadly spots 

1. Sakthi marma – deadly spots of the leg 

अत‌ऊर्ध्वंसक्थिमर्माणिव्याख्यास्यम : -तत्रपादस्याङ्गुष्ठाङ्गुल्योर्मध्येक्षिप्रंनाममर्म,तत्रविद्धस्याक्षेपकेणमरणंमध्यमाङ्गुलीमनुपूर्वेणमध्येपादतलस्यतलहृदयंनाम,तत्ररुजाभिर्मरणंक्षिप्रस्योपरिष्टादुभयतःकूर्चीनाम,तत्रपादस्यभ्रमणवेपनेभवतःगुल्फसन्धेरध‌उभयत : कूर्चशिरः,तत्ररुजाशोफौपादजङ्घयोःसन्धानेगुल्फः,तत्ररुजःस्तब्धपादताखञ्जतावापाणिप्रतिजङ्घामध्ये‌इन्द्रबस्तिः,तत्रशोणितक्षयेणमरणंजबोर्वोःसन्धानेजानु,तत्र खञ्जताजानुन‌ऊर्ध्वमुभयतस्त्र्यङ्गुलमाणी,तत्रशोफाभिवृद्धिःस्तब्धसक्थिताच‌ऊरुमध्ये‌उर्वी,तत्रशोणितक्षयात्सक्थिशोष : उर्व्या‌ऊर्ध्वमधोवसणसंधेरूरुमूलेलोहिताक्षं,तत्रलोहितक्षयेणमरणंपक्षाघातोवावंक्षणवृषणयोरन्तरेविटपं,तत्रषाण्ढ्यमल्पशुक्रतावाभवति‌एवमेतान्येकादशसक्थिमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि।एतेनेतरसक्थिबाहूचव्याख्यातौ।विशेषतस्तुयानिसक्थ्निगुल्फजानुविटपानि,तानिबाहौमणिबन्धकूर्परकक्षधराणियथावङ्क्षणवृषणयोरन्तरेविटपमेवंवक्षःकक्षयोर्मध्येकक्षधरं,तस्मिन्विद्धेत‌एवोपद्रवाःविशेषतस्तुमणिबन्धेकुण्ठता,कूर्पराख्येकुणिः,कक्षधरेपक्षाघातः।एवमेतानिचतुश्चत्वारिंशच्छाखासुमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२४॥ 

Additional, we’ll describe the deadly spots within the leg as follows 

Title of the Sakti Marma	Location	Impact of harm
Ksipra Marma	Between the massive toe and subsequent toe	Demise by convulsions
Talahrdaya Marma	Consistent with the center toe upwards, within the heart of the only real	Demise from ache
Kurca Marma	Above the Ksipra Marma, on each side	Issue in strolling and bending the foot
Kurcasira Marma	Under the ankle joint, on each side	Ache and swelling
Gulpha Marma	On the assembly place of the foot and leg – ankle joint	Ache, stiffness of the foot, lameness / limping
Indrabasti Marma	Consistent with the heel, upwards and in the course of the calf	Demise by lack of blood
Janu Marma	On the assembly place of calf and thigh – knee joint	Lameness Limping
Ani Marma	3 angula (6cm) above the janu sandhi (knee joint), on each side	Improve of swelling and lack of motion of the thigh
Urvi Marma	Center of the thigh	Losing or thinning of the thigh attributable to lack of blood 1
Lohitaksa Marma	Above Urvi Marma and under the groin, on the base of the thigh	Demise from lack of blood or Paksaghata – hemiplegia
Vitapa	Between groin and scrotum	Impotence, Deficiency of semen

Thus, the eleven marmas of 1 sakti – leg / decrease limb have been enumerated. With this, the marmas current within the different leg and two bahu – arms / higher limbs too have been described (they carry the identical names). Gulpha Marma, Janu Marma and Vitapa Marma are particular to the decrease limbs.

The names change within the higher limb. The counter elements within the higher limb are –

–       Manibandha Marma – wrist marma – rather than Gulpha Marma

–       Kurpara Marma – elbow marma – rather than Janu Marma

–       Kaksadhara Marma – rather than Vitapa Marma

Kaksadhara Marma is situated in between chest and axilla, identical to the Vitapa Marma within the higher limb is situated between the scrotum and groin. When injured, this marma will even give rise to identical type of troubles.

When Manibandha Marma is injured particularly, it causes lack of features of the hand. Likewise, when Kaksadhara Marma is injured, it causes paralysis of half portion of the physique – arms particularly.

On this method, the forty-four marmas current within the extremities – higher and decrease limbs collectively, have been described.

2. Madhyamāñga marma – deadly spots within the trunk 

अत‌ऊर्ध्वमुदरोरसोर्मर्माण्यनुव्याख्यास्यामः- तत्रवातवर्षोनिरसनस्थूलान्त्रप्रतिबद्धंगुदंनाममर्म,तत्रसद्योमरणंअल्पमांसशोणितोऽभ्यन्तरतःकट्यांमूत्राशयोबस्तिः,तत्रापिसद्योमरणमश्मरीव्रणादृते,तत्राप्युभयतोभिन्नेनजीवित,एकतोभिन्नेमूत्रस्रावीव्रणोभवति,सतुयत्नेनोपक्रान्तोरोहतिपक्वामाशययोर्मध्येसिराप्रभवानाभिः,तत्रापिसद्योमरणंस्तनयोमध्यमधिष्ठायोरस्यामाशयद्वारंसत्त्वरजस्तमसामधिष्ठानंहृदयं,तत्रापिसद्य‌एवमरणंस्तनयोरधस्ताद्व्यङ्गुलमुभयतःस्तनमूले,तत्रकफपूर्णकोष्ठतया(कासश्वसाभ्यां)म्रियतेस्तनचूचुकयोरूर्ध्वंव्यङ्गुलमुभयतःस्तनरोहितौ,तत्रलोहितपूर्णकोष्ठतयाकासश्वासाभ्यांचम्रियते‌अंसकूटयोरधस्तात्पार्वोपरिभागयोरपलापौनाम,तत्ररक्तेनपूयभावंगतेनमरणंउभयत्रोरसोनाड्यौवातवहे‌अपस्तम्भौनाम,तत्रवातपूर्णकोष्ठतयाकासश्वासाभ्यांचमरणम्‌एवमेतान्युदरोरसोर्टादशमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२५॥ 

After this, the marmas of the stomach and chest shall be described.

Title of the Udara-Urasa Marmas	Location	Impact of harm
Guda Marma	Hooked up to the massive gut, – rectum, anus Eliminates flatus and feces	Fast loss of life
Basti / Vasti Marma	Contained in the pelvis, consisting much less of muscle groups and blood It’s the seat of urine	Causes speedy loss of life When the wound is because of asmari – calculus, it doesn’t trigger loss of life. Even in case of presence of asmari, if the bladder will get torn on each side as a result of stones, the particular person wouldn’t survive. If the harm is in anyone facet, there happens a wound which might exude urine. This situation heals whether it is handled with all efforts.
Nabhi Marma	In between the abdomen and huge gut – umbilicus / navel. Homeland of sira – veins.	Causes loss of life in fast time
Hrdaya Marma	In between the 2 breasts, within the chest, on the mouth / opening of the abdomen – Coronary heart. Seat of Sattva, Rajas and Tamas (thoughts).	Causes fast loss of life
Stanamula Marma	Under the breast, two añgula (4 cm) on both facet.	Demise from kapha filling contained in the chest, producing cough and dyspnea.
Stanarohita Marma	Above the nipples, two angula (4 cm) on both facet.	Demise from blood filling the chest, producing cough and dyspnea.
Apalapa Marma	Under the shoulder joint and on the prime of the flanks.	Demise as a result of blood attaining the qualities of pus.
Apastambha Marma	On the 2 sides of the chest. They purvey air.	Demise attributable to accumulation of air within the chest producing cough and dyspnea.

 Thus, the twelve marmas current within the stomach and chest have been described.

 

III. Prsthamarma – deadly spots within the again 

अत‌ऊर्ध्वंपृष्ठमर्माणिव्यख्यास्यामः – तत्रपृष्ठवंशमुभयतःप्रतिश्रोणिकाण्डमस्थिनीकटीकतरुणे,तत्रशोणितक्षयात्पाण्डुर्विवर्णोहीनरूपश्चम्रियतेपार्श्वयोर्जघनबहिर्भागेपृष्ठवंशमुभयतोकुकुन्दरे,तत्रस्पर्शाज्ञानमध : कायेचेष्टोपघातश्चश्रोणीकाण्डयोरुपर्याशयाच्छादनौपाश्र्वान्तरप्रतिबद्धौनितम्बौ,तत्राध : कायशोषोदौर्बल्याच्चमरणं,अधपान्तरप्रतिबद्धौजघनपार्श्वमध्ययोस्तिर्यगूर्ध्वंचजघनात्पार्श्वसन्धी,लोहितपूर्णकोष्ठतयाम्रियतेस्तनमूलाजूभयतःपृष्ठवंशस्यबृहती,तत्रशोणितातिप्रवृत्तिनिमित्तैरुपद्रवैम्रियतेपृष्ठोपरिपृष्ठवंशमुभयतस्त्रिकसंबद्धे‌अंसफलके,तत्रबाह्वोःस्वापशोषौबाहुमूर्धग्रीवामध्ये‌अंऽसपीठस्कन्धबन्धनावंसौ,तत्रस्तब्धबाहुता‌एवमेतानिचतुर्देशपृष्ठमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२६॥ 

After this, the marmas of the again shall be described.

Title of the PrshtaMarmas	Location	Impact of harm
Katikataruna Marma	On each side of the vertebral column, close to the bones of the pelvis	Demise from lack of blood, producing pandu – anemia and lack of complexion
Kukundara Marma	Within the 2 flanks, on outer facet of the buttocks, on both facet of vertebral column	Lack of sensation and performance of the decrease a part of the physique
Nitamba Marma	Current above the pelvis, overlaying the inner organs, connected to the flanks	Demise attributable to losing / emaciation of the decrease a part of the physique and debility
Parsva Sandhi Marma	Nearer to decrease finish of flanks, In between buttocks and flanks to the facet and above the buttocks	Demise from accumulation of blood in stomach
Brhati Marma	Identical straight line from stanamulamarma, on each side of vertebral column	Demise from issues attributable to copious bleeding
Amsaphalaka Marma	Higher a part of the again on both facet of vertebral column and nearer to trika. Trika is assembly place of neck and each shoulders i.e. higher again.	Lack of tactile sensation and losing / emaciation of arms
Amsa Marma	In between the arms, head and neck, binds the shoulder blade and shoulder	Lack of features of the arms

Thus, the twelve marmas current within the again have been described.

4. Ürdhvāñga marma – deadly spots of head and neck 

अत‌ऊर्ध्वमूर्ध्वजत्रुगतानिव्याख्यास्यामः – तत्रकण्ठनाडीमुभयतश्चस्रोधमन्योद्वेनीलेद्वेचमन्येव्यत्यासेन,तत्रमूकतास्वरवैकृतमरसग्राहिताचग्रीवायामुभयतश्चतस्रःसिरामातृकाः,तत्रसद्योमरणंशिरोग्रीवयोःसन्धानेकृकाटिके,तत्रचलमूर्धताकर्णपृष्ठतोऽध : संश्रितेविधुरे,तत्रबाधिर्यंघ्राणमार्गमुभयतःस्रोतोमार्गप्रतिबद्धे‌अभ्यन्तरतःफणे,तत्रगन्धाज्ञानंभूपुच्छान्तयोरधोऽक्ष्णोर्बाह्यतोऽपाङ्गौ,तत्रान्ध्यंदृष्टयुपघातोवाभ्रुवोरुपरिनिम्नयोरावर्तीनाम, 

तत्राप्यान्ध्यंदृष्ट्युपघातोवाभ्रुवोरन्तयोरुपरिकर्णललाटयोर्मध्येशङ्खौ,तत्रसद्योमरणंशङ्खयोरुपरिकेशान्त‌उत्क्षेपौ,तत्रसशल्योजीवेत्पाकात्पतितशल्योवानोद्धतशल्यःभ्रुवोर्मध्येस्थपनी,तत्रोत्क्षेपवत्पञ्चसन्धयःशिरसिविभक्ताःसीमन्तानाम,तत्रोन्मादभयचित्तंनाशैर्मरणंघ्राणश्रोत्राक्षिजिह्वासंतर्पणीनां -सिराणांमध्येसिरासन्निपातःशृङ्गाटकानितानिचत्वारिमर्माणि,तत्रापिसद्योमरणंमस्तकाभ्यन्तरोपरिष्ठात्सिरासन्धिसन्निपातोरोमावर्तोऽधिपतिः,तत्रापिसद्य‌एव।एवमेतानिसप्तत्रिंशदूर्ध्वजत्रुगतानिमर्माणिव्याख्यातानि॥२७॥ 

After this, the marmas of the pinnacle and neck shall be described.

Title of the Urdhwanga Marmas	Location	Impact of harm
Nila Manya Marma	On the 2 sides of the trachea, 4 in quantity (4 dhamanis – arteries) i.e. 2 Nila and a pair of Manya – one every on both facet of the trachea.	Muteness Abnormalities of voice Lack of ability to understand and perceive totally different tastes
Matrka Marma	On two sides of the neck, 4 in quantity, 2 on all sides	Causes loss of life in fast time
Krkatika Marma	Within the assembly place of head and neck, 2 in quantity	Shaking of head
Vidhura Marma	Again / behind the ear and under it, 2 in quantity, one on all sides	Deafness
Phana Marma	On two sides of the nostril, close to the higher a part of passages and in addition inside them, 2 in quantity – one on all sides	Lack of sensation / notion of scent and incapacity to grasp and differentiate totally different odors
Apanga Marma	On the tail finish of the brows, under and out of doors the eyes, 2 in quantity – one on all sides	Blindness or hindrance of sight / imaginative and prescient abnormalities
Avarta Marma	Above the brows, in depressions, 2 in quantity – one on all sides	Blindness or hindrance to sight / defects of imaginative and prescient
Sankha Marma	Above the extent of eyebrows, in between ears and brow – 2 in quantity, one on all sides – temples	Causes fast loss of life
Utksepa Marma	Above the temples, on the borders of the hair (hairline), 2 in quantity – one on all sides	So long as the overseas physique is current there, the affected person survives or till it falls off after suppuration (pus formation). Alternatively, the affected person doesn’t survive when the overseas physique is pulled out.
Sthapani Marma	Between the 2 eyebrows,	Comparable impact as defined in Utkshepa Marma above
Simanta Marma	5 joints of bones – sutures, current within the head, divides the cranium in several elements	Demise attributable to madness, worry and lack of mind or psychological actions
Srngataka Marma	In the course of confluence of veins, supplying nourishment to the nostril, ears, eyes and tongue, inside the pinnacle on the confluence of veins – 4 in quantity	Causes fast loss of life
Adhipati Marma	Inside the pinnacle, at its prime It’s the confluence of veins and joints, surrounded by ring of hairs	Causes fast loss of life

Thus, the thirty-seven marmas current within the jatrurdhwa desha i.e. within the elements of the physique above the extent of collar bone / clavicle i.e. head and neck have been described.

Marma Pramāņa – Dimension of the deadly spots

भवन्तिचात्रश्लोका :
उर्व्यःशिरांसिविटपेचसकक्षपार्थे
एकैकमङ्गुलमितंस्तनपूर्वमूलम्॥
विद्धङ्गुलद्वयमितंमणिबन्धगुल्फं
त्रीण्येवजानुसपरंसहकूर्पराभ्याम्॥२८॥
हृदस्तिकूर्चगुदनाभिवदन्तिमूर्ध्नि
चत्वारिपञ्चचगलेदशयानिचद्वे॥
तानिस्वपाणितलकुञ्चितसंमितानि
शेषाण्यवेहिपरिविस्तरतोऽङ्गुलार्धम्॥२९॥

Some verses right here 

Marmas	Pramana – dimension in angula (1 angula = 2 cm)
Urvi Kurcasira Vitapa Kaksaparsva (Kaksadhara and Parsva) Stanapurvamula	1 angula every (2cm) in breadth
Manibandha Gulpha	2 angula every in breadth (4 cm)
Janu Kurpara	3 angula every in breadth (6 cm)
Hrdaya Basti Kurca Guda Nabhi 5 within the head – 4 Srngataka and 5 Simanta 12 in neck – 8 Matrka, 2 Nila, 2 Manya	Measurement of 1’s personal folded palm – 4 angula (8cm)
Different Marmas	½ angula (1 cm) every in breadth

एतत्प्रमाणमभिवीक्ष्यवदन्तितज्ज्ञाः
शस्त्रेणकर्मकरणंपरिहृत्यकार्यम्॥
पार्वाभिघातितमपीहनिहन्तिमर्म
तस्माद्धिमर्मसदनंपरिवर्जनीयम्॥३०॥

In accordance with the opinion of clever individuals, surgical procedures together with use of sharp devices must be carried out after figuring out the width of marmas, avoiding harm to the marmas.

Damage carried out even to the perimeters of the marmas will even kill the particular person. Subsequently, the marmas must be fastidiously averted.

Apāya – hazards from harm 

छिन्नेषुपाणिचरणेषुसिरानराणां
सङ्कोचमीयुरसृगल्पमतोनिरेति॥
प्राप्यामितव्यसनमुग्रमतोमनुष्या :
संच्छिन्नशाखतरुवन्निधनंनयान्ति॥३१॥
क्षिप्रेषुतत्रसतलेषुहतेषुरक्तं
गच्छत्यतीवपवनश्चरुजंकरोति॥
एवंविनाशमुपयान्तिहितत्रविद्धा
वृक्षा‌इवायुधनिपातनिकृत्तमूला : ॥३२॥
तस्मात्तयोरभिहतस्यतुपाणिपादं
छेत्तव्यमाशुमणिबन्धनगुल्फदेशे॥ 

The veins within the arms and toes get constricted when the arms and toes are reduce off. In consequence, little bleeding happens. The particular person doesn’t die despite experiencing nice struggling, identical to a tree which doesn’t die when its branches are reduce off. 

Damage to Ksipra and Talahrdaya Marmas results in bleeding in giant amount and aggravation of vata, which produces ache. In consequence, the particular person dies when these marmas are injured, identical to the tree dies out when its roots are reduce off by the devices. Therefore, the arms and toes of the individuals whose Ksipra and Talahrdaya marmas are injured must be amputated (reduce off) shortly on the wrist joint and ankle joint respectively.

Significance of getting the data of marmas

मर्माणिशल्यविषयार्थमुदाहरन्ति
यस्माच्चमर्मसुहतानभवन्तिसद्यः।
जीवन्तितत्रयदिवैद्यगुणेनकेचित्ते
प्राप्नुवन्तिविकलत्वमसंशयंहि॥३३॥
संभिन्नजर्जरितकोष्ठशिर : कपाला
जीवन्तिशस्त्रनिहतैश्चशरीरदेशः।
छिन्नैश्चसक्थिभुजपादकरैरशेषैर्येषां
नमर्मसुकृताविविधाःप्रहाराः॥३४॥

Since individuals die shortly when their marmas are injured, the data of marmas is described as half of the data of Salya Tantra – surgical science. Even when any particular person whose marma has been injured occur to outlive as a result of ability and effectivity of the doctor / surgeon, he will certainly find yourself affected by deformities.

If the marmas are usually not injured by totally different sorts of assault and are preserved, the particular person wouldn’t die despite his inner organs being punctured, cranium bones damaged to items, different elements of the physique having been reduce by sharp weapons and even when his legs, shoulders, toes and arms are utterly reduce off.

Parts of significant / deadly spots

सोममारुततेजांसिरजःसत्त्वतमांसिच॥
मर्मसुप्रायशःपुंसांभूतात्माचावतिष्ठते॥३५॥
मर्मस्वभिहतास्तस्मान्नजीवन्तिशरीरिणः॥

The under talked about reside within the marmas particularly –

–       Soma – moon, kapha

–       Maruta – vata

–       Tejas – pitta, warmth

–       Rajas

–       Sattva

–       Tamas and

–       Bhutatma – soul

Therefore residing beings whose marmas are injured is not going to survive.

Marmahatalaksana- results of harm 

इन्द्रियार्थेष्वसंप्राप्तिर्मनोबुद्धिविपर्ययः॥३६॥
रुजश्चविविधास्तीव्राभवन्त्याशुहरेहते॥
हतेकालान्तरघ्नेतुध्रुवंधातुक्षयोनृणाम्॥३७॥
ततोधातुक्षयाज्जन्तुर्वेदनाभिश्चनश्यति॥
हतेवैकल्यजननेकेवलंवैद्यनैपुणात्॥३८॥
शरीरंक्रिययायुक्तंविकलत्वमवाप्नुयात्॥
विशल्यनेतुविज्ञेयंपूर्वोक्तंयच्चकारणम्॥३९॥
रुजाकराणिमर्माणिक्षतानिविविधारुजः॥
कुर्वन्त्यन्तेचवैकल्यंकुवैद्यवशगोयदि॥४०॥

Class of Marma	Impact of harm
Sadyo Pranahara Marmas	Lack of sensory notion Abnormalities of thoughts and mind Completely different sorts of ache
Kalantara Pranahara Marmas	Dhatu kshaya – loss / lower of tissues Demise attributable to extreme ache attributable to tissue depletion
Vaikalyakara Marmas	Deformities provided that the physique is protected by a skillful and environment friendly doctor / surgeon
Visalyaghna Marmas	Have been described earlier
Rujakara Marmas	Many sorts of ache Deformity happens if handled by quacks

Results of harm to the marmas

छेदभेदाभिघातेभ्योदहनाद्दारणादपि॥
उपघातंविजानीयान्मर्मणांतुल्यलक्षणम्॥४१॥

When any upaghata i.e. minor harm of the under talked about varieties happen within the shut neighborhood of marmas, related signs are produced –

–       Chopping

–       Breaking

–       Hitting

–       Burning by fireplace

–       Bursting / dividing and so on.

मर्माभिघातस्तुनकश्चिदस्ति
योऽल्पात्ययोवाऽपिनिरत्ययोवा॥
प्रायेणमर्मस्वभिताडितास्तु
वैकल्यमृच्छन्त्यथवाम्रियन्ते॥४२॥

Often, every kind of accidents occurring to the marmas both produce deformity or loss of life. Subsequently, no harm to the marmas must be thought of as mildly harmful or not-dangerous.

मर्माण्यधिष्ठायहियेविकारा
मूर्च्छन्तिकायेविविधानराणाम्॥
प्रायेणतेकृच्छ्तमाभवन्ति
नरस्ययत्नैरपिसाध्यमानाः॥४३॥ 

Regardless of treating them with all efforts, many sorts of ailments despite being curable typically turn out to be very troublesome to treatment, once they develop in / on the area of marmas.

इतिश्रीसुश्रुतसंहितायांशारीरस्थानेप्रत्येकमर्मनिर्देशशारीरंनामषष्ठोऽध्यायः॥६॥

Thus ends the Sixth chapter by title Pratyeka Marma Nirdeśa in Sarira Sthāna of Suśruta Samhita.